Study on carbon emission factors and scenario prediction of Heilongjiang’s industrial sectors is of significance to reach Heilongjiang’s green low-carbon development under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. This paper uses IPCC to estimate Heilongjiang’s historical industrial carbon emission, and applies extended STIRPAT model to determine the six variables from population, economy and technology, square of GDP per capita, population scale, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption, energy consuming efficiency and energy structure, and employes ridge regression to establish a carbon emission factor model by removing the multi-collinearity of independent variables. This paper also studies Heilongjiang’s social and economic reality from economic development, population scale, energy consumption and energy consumption efficiency, and determines the increment of independent variables combined with macroscopic policies, and predicts its 2020 to 2050 Heilongjiang’s appropriate industrial carbon emission under three scenarios, benchmark, low-carbon and highly-energy-consuming. Heilongjiang’s industrial low-carbon development is facing a huge demand for fossil energy and insufficient energy conversion efficient. Among the six factors impacting industrial carbon emission, square of GDP per capita, gross industrial production, industrial energy consumption and energy structure promote its industrial carbon emission, of which industrial energy consumption works the most, while population scale and energy consuming efficiency play on the contrast. Heilongjiang’s industrial carbon emission shows an increasing-then-decreasing evolutionary trend under the all three scenarios, varying in peaking time and heights, 71.35 millions tons in 2030 under the low-carbon scenario, 89.97 millions tons in 2035 under the benchmark scenario, and 123.68 millions tons in 2045 under the highly-energy-consuming scenario. This paper presents suggestions on largely adjusting industrial energy use structure, focusing on energy technical conversion and upgrade, and perfecting low-carbon green policies.

This paper innovatively incorporates microorganism in life community of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, combines with regional features and liquor-making industry, and presents the concept of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” through the path of “increasing water-improving atmosphere-protecting soil-preserving microorganisms-maintaining ecosystem balance”. Scientifically establishing “water use and management system” in the source to create Maotai Water Circulation Mode of Chishui River. Systematically maintain biodiversity in the source areas to construct a sound management system. Protect soil resources in the brewing areas and key functioning areas to improve ecological barrier. Boost microorganisms test and research in the core area and strictly control inputs of external microorganisms. Implement microscopic eco-environmental carrying capacity in the core area to prevent environmental pollution and to thoroughly protect “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” ecosystem balance, and to increase ecosystem stability in the producing areas. This paper studies the situation and issues in ecological harness in Maotai’s core brewing areas, presents path and zonation plans, and puts forward 87 detailed restoring projects of 5 categories for the brewing industry and Chishui river’s ecological protection. This paper is a good attempt and practice to the life community of  “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, helpful to construct an eco-environmental flagship in the liquor-making industry, and offers references for high standard protection and quality development of liquor-making industry.

It is a key step to study China’s low-carbon energy consumption structural trend and to measure its spatial imbalance in advancing energy reform and green development. This paper, based on 2003 to 2020 energy consumption panel data of Chinese provinces/cities, uses Theil Index and spatial auto-correlation to study spatial imbalance and dynamic evolution of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure. The low carbon index of China’s energy consumption structure generally shows a rising trend, up 5.862 in 2020 from 5.298 in 2003. The spatial imbalance of China’s low carbon energy consumption structure is weak, in a rising-then-declining trend indicated by Theil Index. Regional low-carbon energy consumption structure variance largely impacts the overall difference. China’s low-carbon energy consumption structure is of obvious spatial positive correlation with spatial concentrating effect, relatively stably in overall spatial pattern, high-high concentrating in Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai, weak-weak in southwest and central China. This paper presents suggestions on constructing regional interest union by mutually cooperation, on advancing industrial structure to stimulate social innovation and market, and on optimizing energy industry structure to push energy consumption transformation.

Overviews over references reveal that defects are existing in traditional industrial deviation E coefficient, Theil Index and Shift-Share model. Defects in E coefficient and Theil Index are in calculating principles, and those in Shift-Share model are in rationality of selecting reference system and feasibility of data collection. This paper presents an improved model that is used to study China’s 2012 to 2021 industrial deviation via cases. It concludes that China’s industrial deviation is diminishing. According to the corrected model and combined with the current global environment, this paper suggests that the first industry rely on scientific innovation to promote rural labors’ orderly migration between urban and rural areas and to materialize agricultural scale and modernization, that the second industry needs to be upgraded to reach and maintain an independent and complete industrial system, to inputs more in basic research to outbreak western technical blockage, that the third industry be focusing on financing and scientific education, increasing Hongkong, Shanghai and Beijing’s positions in world financing center, using financial innovation to avoid unfavorable constraints and impacts from global financing system, practicing the strategy for invigorating the country through science and education and exploring educational modes appropriate China’s situation from primary school to university stages.

To better protect mine geological environment and do restoration, this paper analyzes the investigation contents and methods of mine geological environment and restoration, based on a case study on Renlou coal mine, studies its key geological elements, current situation of geological environment and impacts, and evaluates its mine geological environment quality. This paper presents approaches to protecting mine geological environment and restoration. 

This paper uses sulfur autotrophic denitrification to treat nitrate\|polluted underground water so as to explore the impacts of Cu2+ and Fe2+ ion addition on denitrification. Addition of Fe2+ ions at 0.10% and 0.20% or Cu2+ ion at 0.05% can effectively remove the nitrate and promote the denitrification rate. After 216 hours in reaction, nitrate removal rate reaches at 97%, up to 99%. Appropriate addition of metal ions may significantly reduce the accumulation of sulfates. In the entire reaction, composite material provides sufficient alkalinity for denitrification system, which guarantees the efficiency of denitrification reaction. 

This paper uses the three industries data and input & output model to analyze the overall industrial structure level and industrial correlation in Xinjiang, and finds out that Xinjiang is positioning at the para-industrialization stage led by the second industry, with a good developing trend, gaining some achievements in industrial structural adjustment. Issues are marked by irrational developing direction of the three industries that the first industry has a poor basis, easily subject to other industries, the second industry is still high-energy-consuming, high-pollution, low-technology without supports by high-technical industries, the third industry is lagging with low technicians. This paper presents suggestions on boosting the first industry, adjusting the second industrial structure, and developing the potential of the third industry, aiming at optimizing the third industrial structure and realizing long-term stable economic development in Xinjiang. 

Graphite, as an industrial mineral of scarcity, strategy and risk, is widely used in multiple applications by its special quality. This paper, based on graphite resource distribution, reserve, production, consumption structure and trading, discusses the issues in exports and fine processing, and presents suggestions to ensure the sound development of China's graphite industry from consolidating graphite mines for ordered mining, adjusting export policy in limiting export quantity, educating talents, improving fine processing technology and producing highend products, supporting from policy and capital, especially supporting institutes, and constructing the instituteenterprise  and enterpriseenterprise service platform.

As the priority of new energy strategy is rising, lithium is of significance as the key element to new energy vehicle batteries. This paper, viewing from the perspective of industrial chain, analyzes the situation of China's lithium industrial development in its each step. Issues are existing in the upper stream lithium mining in low use rate, in the middle stream in homogenization, uneven development among each step in the entire industrial chain. This paper presents suggestions on intensifying western eastern cooperation in lithium technology, comprehensively developing saline lithium resource, boosting lithium fine processing technology and intensive industrial development.

 The reasons in absence of pricing power in REE international trade lie in enterprises, governments and market environment. This paper, based on references review, studies the reasons from industry, enterprises, policy factors, concludes that the reasons are derived from disordered enterprises, low industrial concentration degree, missing united pricing center, weak marketing power, inappropriately controlling resource by enterprises, unsupportive governmental policies and poor execution, and also from China's governance on REE and REE importers  REE policies, like USA and Japan. This study provides measures for governments and enterprises to deal with the absence of pricing power in REE international trade, also offers references for China to optimize REE trade policies and to increase REE pricing power.

 Jienagepu gold deposit is the latest discovery in Zhaxikang ore concentrating area in southern Tibet. This paper, aiming at studying its mineralization age and mechanism, dates the sericite's Ar-Ar ages in orebearing quartz vein, and H & O isotopes tracking, and compares the results with Pb-Zn-Au-Sb deposits within the same area. Result shows that mineralization age of Jienagepu gold deposit is 17.6±1.8 Ma, the same as the Pb-Zn-Au-Sb deposits and as light-colored granites and pegmatites in Cuonadong dome. Combined with H & O isotopes tracking, this paper thinks Pb-Zn-Au-Sb metallogenic system in Zhaxikang ore concentrating area is controlled by Cuonadong gneiss dome with mineralization age at 16.6~18.7 Ma. The Miocene magmatic events provided heat to drive the underground water circulation and extracted the mineralizing elements from strata or Himalaya, mixed with a small quantity of magmatic fluid and mineralizing elements, migrated along SN-striking faults and concentrated to form the deposit, forming a four-in-one dome-magma-strata-structure ore controlling system.

 This paper, based on natural gas's system structure characteristic scale, uses non-linear planning to establish natural gas coordination scale and optimization, discusses China's natural gas coordination scale and optimization, and analyzes its rationality and sensitivity, and presents suggestions in optimizing natural gas coordination scale. Natural gas coordination level is good, variable coefficient is poor, month peak coefficient is excellent, urban emergency coefficient is poor, county emergency coefficient is good in 2014. Compared with moderate scale, the optimized natural gas coordination scale rises 0.15 in sensitivity in large scale range, and rises more, up to 0.198 in small scale range, indicating a good anticipation. Natural gas coordination scale is most sensitive in large scale range. This paper proposes the optimized natural gas coordination scale plan be the basis in evaluating China's natural gas industrial development and planning. This optimized plan can not only precisely scale natural gas coordination, but also be of significance in sensitively reflecting natural gas coordination change, which is influenced by natural gas use planning, development and construction.

This paper applies eco-efficiency model and entropy weight TOPSIS to quantitatively analyze Shanghai’s resource, environmental and ecological efficiency during 2005-2014, with the result used to judge its economic mode, and employs obstacle mode to diagnose its obstacle factors. Ecological efficiency level had undergone a low-medium-high change during 2005 to 2014, showing a rising trend. Economic mode along an ABD path had undergone a traditional linear mode, end treatment mode and recycling mode. The top three key obstacle factors against eco-efficiency are overall emission of industrial gas waste (8.56%), industrial fumes emission (8.53%) and living electricity (8.30%).

This paper uses improved relative resource carrying capacity model to measure the spatial structure variance of relative resource carrying capacity in Xinzhou during 2004-2012. Improved aspects lie in added water resource and energy carrying capacity. Traction effect of dominant resources and constrained effect of inferior resources can overcome arbitrarily giving weights in model. The results show a relatively stable numeric structure in relative population and economic carrying capacity, an outstanding spatial matching variance between population and economic carrying capacity among 14 cities. Most cites in Haihe stream are key developing areas, most Yellow River stream are confined developing areas. Jingle and Wuzhai counties underwent the above stated transition, unstable in their developing modes. This paper presents development strategies for different areas.

Exploration and development of shale gas results in large quantity of water consumption, underground and surface water destruction, soil pollution and loss. China currently lacks of environmental protection laws or regulations in shale gas exploration and development, poor management in supervision, and has no effective development technology. In order to avoid environmental issues in large scale developing shale gas, governments and enterprises need to establish environmental protection laws and regulations and supervision mechanism, to intensify admission in environmental protection and planning, to determine risk responsibility and optimize emergency management, and to promote technical research and innovation by increasing investment and setting up specific projects.

LanpingSimao basin is the only known basin producing solid potash with its reserve probably to be increased as exploration goes forwards, providing supports in China’s crop production and security. This paper reviews published references regarding LanpingSimao basin in potash mineralization. 1) LanpingSimao basin is located within Tethys potash mineralization domain with only a small discovery Mengyejing sylvite mine with potential for large discovery; 2) Basin is composed of MesozoicCenozoic cap, with lower Triassic missing due to lift, middle to upper Triassic marine facies, Jurassic marine continental transitional facies, and Cretaceous and upper continental sediments; 3) The strata bearing potash is Mengyejing formation with sylvite and carnallite; 4) Br and δ11B、δ34SCDT、87Sr/86Sr imply a marine source, and less blended with continental and volcanic resource; 5) Its chemicals, potash mineralization source and age are similar with Thai Khorat basin whose major potash mineral is carnallite. This paper presents suggestion for exploration in Lanping Simao basin in further clarifying the source of potash and mineralization age and in boosting mode comparison with its adjacent potash areas.

China sits a top in gold production, consumption and import. The gold reserve of countries within “One Belt and One Road” amounts to 65% in the world, 39% in production, 51% in consumption according to the global gold reserve, production and consumption information. Those countries have potential in expanding production and markets. China’s most gold mines are small, low grade, and limited reserve, hard to meet gold demands in the future. It needs to import gold through overseas gold investment. Under “One Belt and One Road”, this paper analyzes their gold resource and production, market, investment environment among the countries within “One Belt and One Road”, and presents three priority overseas areas for gold investment, 1） Russia and Mongolia; 2） middle and western Asia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrghyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Iran; 3) South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Congo. Investment strategy is also given for each area.

This paper takes Harbin’s downtown as the study area, applies the backward and path analysis of regression method to select the main factors in urban construction land change, analyses the their intensity through correlated coefficient decomposition, and discusses rational allocating rules of urban land resources. Real estate investment is the biggest factor in urban land use with a direct coefficient of 0.592. The third industry and urban population also influence residential land through real estate. The gross industrial output influences the industrial land use the most with a direct path coefficient of 0.583, an indirect coefficient of 0.331 through urban population. Fixed investment is the leading factor in Harbin’s logistic and warehousing land use, and also a vital factor in roads and green lands. Urban population has a significant direct and indirect influence on all land use.

Study on the coordination between population urbanization and land urbanization is of significance to optimizing human land relation during urbanization and promoting new urbanization. This paper selects population urbanization and land urbanization factors, establishes an index system and coordination model to study the coordination between Suzhou’s population urbanization and land urbanization from 2005-2014. The result shows a rising population urbanization index and land urbanization index with urban development turning into population lagging from land lagging. The coordination transitions into relatively coordinated from not coordinated with lagging population urbanization and falsely leveled land urbanization, due to the urban expansion model and development policy. Suzhou shall select a rational urban expansion model and progressively develop the urban and rural integration, boost intensive use of urban land and diversify the urbanization capital.

This paper reviews the major governmental collaborative supervision practices in China’s mineral resources development, analyzes their issues and presents an overall framework and objective in optimizing the collaborative supervision, aiming at providing reference for China to optimize and develop supervision policy in mineral resources development. Liaison meeting, liaison enforcement and liaison documenting are three major governmental collaborative supervision forms. In this domain, governmental collaborative involvements lack laws basis, defected in collaborative flowchart and mechanism, and uncertainty arises from department or local benefits. To improve the general efficiency of governmental collaborative supervision in China’s mineral resources development, government needs to be granted the judgment, which needs supervising. Function of department needs to be defined on purpose. Such collaboration shall be of accountability, downward and upward. The existing mechanism shall be improved in many ways.

This paper establishes a comprehensive index system to evaluate tourism and low-carbon city, uses AHP entropy to determine the weight of index to construct a coupling coordinated model of tourism and low-carbon city, and quantitatively analyzes its coupling process and trend of Huangshan’s tourism and low-carbon city from 2005-2014. The result shows a rising comprehensive tourism level and low-carbon city level with the exception of the year of 2013. The comprehensive tourism level from 2006-2012 is slightly higher than low-carbon city level. Their coupling coordination displays a consistent trend from three proportional contributions, indicating the proportion has little influence on coupling coordination. There is a rising coupling coordination between Huangshan’s tourism industry and low-carbon city with coordination types changing from disordered in 2005 to coordinated later and well coordinated in 2014. Huangshan city has a good basis for its development of tourism and low-carbon city at a fast rate; although fluctuated, it remains a sound developing trend. The administration’s supportive policies and tourism input will boost its tourism competitiveness along with its culture and ecology.

This paper studies China's saline lithium resources from resources and reserve, brine components, processing technology and saline location. China has abundance of saline lithium resources, but low probable reserve, high Mg/Li ratio and in remote area. Lithium resources can not meet nation's demands. This paper presents suggestions in aiming at supply demand conflict from national strategy, resources exploration and technical innovation. Nation should determine lithium as energy resources. Exploration shall be focused on Qaidam basin's saline brines, and Sichuan basin's deep brine as well. To protect intellectual property rights can help capital be used in technical innovation. 

This paper uses IPCC to measure the carbon emission in energy consumption and cement production in China’s 30 Provinces during 1997—2012, and applies Theil index and Kernel Density generalized matrix measurement to analyze the regional variance, trend evolution and factors of China’s carbon emission intensity. The results show an outstanding variance among eastern, central, western and northeastern with overall distribution variance coming from internal region. The carbon emission intensity has a falling trend in the above four regions with a concentrating distribution. The lagging item, urbanization level, foreign trading openness and energy consumption structure have a positive influence on carbon emission intensity, but the industrial structure and energy efficiency are negative. 

Vanadium as a vital nonferrous metal is widely used in mainly industrial domains. China

 According to USGS and some websites data,it generally shows a good status in China’s silver resource development and utilization with silver reserve ranking ahead and production ranking top in the world. China is a big country for silver, but there are issues during silver development and utilization, such as less guarantee in silver resource, irrational silver industrial structure, low metallurgical technology and low recovery rate. China shall optimize industrial policies and structures, carry out a protective mining, raise resources utilization rate and promote a sustainable development.

This paper, based on the existing relation theory of openness and economic growth, selects GDP, net import and export, foreign investment capital, regional trade and regional investment, under the background of China’s openness to the west, to study the relation of openness and economic growth in Xinjiang by using regression model, with results showing a positive cointegration between regional trade and net import and export to GDP, a negative between regional trade and GDP. The foreign investment has little influence on GDP, of which the regional investment is a strong drive to economic growth.

Many measures have been proposed to reduce the carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere, of which minerals-sealing is a permanent and safe way with potential. This paper gives an introduction to the axiom, process, raw material selection and reaction system of minerals-sealing carbon dioxide, compares the pros and cons of reaction systems of three carbonate minerals and sealing factors, finds out several minerals of potential, analyzes the sealing factors such as pressure, temperature, PH, mineral grain size and raw material, etc., and presents sealing measures of potential and the following test focuses. 